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Government type
Constitutional Monarchy
Most Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers (referred to as Sultans) except Melaka and Penang. These states along as well as Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government.
The government is nominally headed by the Agong (rotated every 4 years among the Sultans) and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house. Powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution. Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional rights (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls)
Capital
Name: Kuala Lumpur
Geographic coordinates: 3 10 N, 101 42 E
Time difference: UTC+8
Note: Putrajaya is referred to as administrative center not capital; The Parliament meets in Kuala Lumpur.
Administrative divisions (States and Federal Territories)
13 states consisting of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang (Penang), Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu and the Federal Territories (Wilayah Persekutuan) - Kuala Lumpur city, Labuan, and Putrajaya.
Independence
31 August 1957 (from UK)
International organization participation
ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Source: CIA Factbook 2008, 2009
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